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Gloster Grebe
The Gloster Grebe was developed from the Gloster Grouse (an experimental aircraft later developed as a trainer), and was the Royal Air Force's first post First World War fighter aircraft, entering service in 1923.
==Design==
In 1923 Gloster modified a Gloster Sparrowhawk fighter trainer with new wings to test a layout proposed by chief designer Henry Folland, combining a thick, high lift section upper wing and a thinner, medium lift lower wing, with the intention of combining high lift for take-off with low drag.〔James 1971, p. 89.〕 After the Grouse demonstrated that the new layout was a success, the British Air Ministry placed an order for three prototype fighters based on the Grouse (and therefore derived ultimately from Folland's Nieuport Nighthawk fighter of 1919), but powered by a Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar III radial engine, as the "Nighthawk (thick-winged)".〔James 1971, p. 97.〕〔Green and Swanborough 1983, p. 2.〕
The first of the prototypes (Gloster built a fourth machine as a company owned demonstrator), by now known as the Grebe I,〔James 1971, pp. 97–98.〕 flew during May 1923.〔James 1971, p. 350.〕 The performance of these prototypes during testing at RAF Martlesham Heath was good, and the Air Ministry decided to order the type into production as the Grebe II, this having a Jaguar IV engine.〔James 1971, p. 98.〕〔Mason 1992, p. 162.〕
Like the Sopwith Snipe it replaced, the Grebe was a single-seat, single-engined biplane of fabric-covered wood construction. The fuselage had ash longerons and spruce stringers joined to plywood formers, while the single-bay wings (which had a considerable overhang outboard of the struts), had fabric covered spruce spars and ribs. Two synchronised .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine guns were mounted on the fuselage top decking.〔〔Goulding 1986, p. 22.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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